تجزیه ژنتیکی برخی صفات مورفولوژیک در گندم از طریق تجزیه میانگین نسل‌ها در شرایط تنش و عدم تنش رطوبتی

Study of heritability, types of genes action and determination of effective breeding strategy to improve physiological and morphological traits especially under drought stress conditions are very important.  For such purpose, an experiment was carried out using the generations of the crosses between two pure lines (Kavir × Roshan) under drought stress and non-stress conditions based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2012-2013 in the research station of University of Tehran, college of Abouraihan.  Analysis of variance of traits showed the significant differences among generations for most of traits in two environmental conditions. In present study, estimate the effects of genes with control important traits in P1, P2, F2 and F3 generations showed that under drought stress conditions the traits such as main spike length, main spike weight and under non-stress conditions the traits like main spike length and yield, thousand grain weight, three parameters model consist of [m], [a] and [d] was the best fitted model. Other traits such as plant height in non-stress conditions and main spike length and thousand grain weight in both conditions were controlled via over dominance effects of genes and peduncle length was controlled via complete dominance effects of genes. Under stress conditions the broad sense heritability was 19 to 83% for number of grain per plant and flag leaf length, respectively.  However, under non-stress conditions the broad sense heritability was between 53% for number of fertile tiller to 93% for main spike length.